Month: August 2010

There are a lot of ways to run two instances of mysqld on one machine. Generally all you need to do is specify different ports and data directories. The method I describe below is basically to copy the default configuration shipped with Ubuntu Server into a different directory and name everything associated with the second instance “mysql-2”, creating new directories, and startup scripts with that name.

These commands create the directories needed:

mkdir /var/lib/mysql-2
mkdir /var/log/mysql-2
mkdir /var/run/mysqld-2
mkdir /etc/mysql-2
chown mysql.mysql /var/lib/mysql-2
chown mysql.mysql /var/log/mysql-2
chown mysql.mysql /var/run/mysql-2
cp -R /etc/mysql/* /etc/mysql-2

Now edit the /etc/mysql-2/my.cnf file and change all references of /mysql/ to /mysql-2/ (also /var/run/mysqld). Change the socket for the client and server to a different port (e.g. 3307).

By default, Ubuntu Server configures AppArmor to deny the mysql user access to anything it doesn’t need. So you’ll need to edit the /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.mysqld file to allow it. Basically, just make a copy of each line referring to any of the directories above and add a “-2”.

Now, initialize the database (or you could just copy the contents of a different instance’s files to the data directory):

mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/var/lib/mysql-2

Next, copy the startup script:

cd /etc/init.d
cp mysql mysql-2

Edit the /etc/init.d/mysql-2 file. First change all instances of /mysql/ to /mysql-2/ and /mysqld/ to /mysqld-2/. Since a lot of commands by default are compiled to read from /etc/mysql/my.cnf, you have to add a –defaults-file=/etc/mysql-2/my.cnf to some commands where there is no indication of where it’s looking for configuration files. Namely any reference to mysqladmin, mysqld, and mysqld_safe.

Now you can start the new instance with:

/etc/init.d/mysql-2 start

By default, on Ubuntu Server, any errors will be logged to /var/log/daemon.log. After a successful start, you should see pid and sock files in /var/run/mysqld-2. And you can connect to the new instance using the following command:

mysql --defaults-file=/etc/mysql-2/my.cnf

Once you’ve got everything working, add symlinks in /etc/rc*.d /etc/init.d/mysql-2 to start and stop the new instance when the server is restarted. Additionally, I set up entries in logrotate and added an alias mysql2=’mysql –defaults-file=/etc/mysql-2/my.cnf’ for ease of use.

Here are some routines which are designed for simple use of Rijndael in C#. I’ve combined a test function in the class for simplicity of showing it’s use.

        private static byte[] salt = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("somerandomstuff");

        public static string Encrypt(string plainText, string keyString)
        {
            Rfc2898DeriveBytes key = new Rfc2898DeriveBytes(keyString, salt);

            MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
            StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(new CryptoStream(ms, new RijndaelManaged().CreateEncryptor(key.GetBytes(32), key.GetBytes(16)), CryptoStreamMode.Write));
            sw.Write(plainText);
            sw.Close();
            ms.Close();
            return Convert.ToBase64String(ms.ToArray());
        }

        public static string Decrypt(string base64Text, string keyString)
        {
            Rfc2898DeriveBytes key = new Rfc2898DeriveBytes(keyString, salt);

            ICryptoTransform d = new RijndaelManaged().CreateDecryptor(key.GetBytes(32), key.GetBytes(16));
            byte[] bytes = Convert.FromBase64String(base64Text);
            return new StreamReader(new CryptoStream(new MemoryStream(bytes), d, CryptoStreamMode.Read)).ReadToEnd();
        }

        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            string key = "a text phrase";

            string encrypted = Encrypt("test", key);
            string decrypted = Decrypt(encrypted, key);

            Console.WriteLine("Encrypted: {0}\r\nDecrypted: {1}\r\n", encrypted,decrypted);
            Console.ReadLine();  //Just to keep the CMD console window from closing before you see the results.
        }

Here is the output of the program above:

Encrypted: +Ya4VL06hYVU7T4uAHJG2A==
Decrypted: test